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| Wine And Health Cure |
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Wine and health resorts - not an antiquated custom
Prof. Dr. Rer. Nat. Horst Kreiskott
For therapeutic purposes water and wine practical have been used by all known cultures and
reaches far back in time. The Teutons and Celts took baths in mineral and hot
springs, and considered them to be holy. The Romans, who were used to having a
highly developed bathing culture, brought these natural occur-rences in the
inhospitable north. The links between wine and health were even recognized by
the various cultures of ancient times. The medical and pharmaceutical
application of wine and anecdotal represen-tation in mythology and antique
literature bear witness to this. The knowledge of the effects of wine is not so
much based on numerous coincidences but more on targeted observations carried
out over longer periods of time on doctors themselves, their patients as well on
their experience with wine.
The known effects of wine were increased at a
very early stage through the addition of plants. The components of the plants
dissolved in wine were stabilised, conderved, absorbed quicker and had a better
taste.
Hippocrates (approximately 460 - 377 BC) practiced medicine in the
Greek Kos. He used wine without medicinal additives in order to provide those
recovering from ill health with greater strength, and also used it as a sedative
and narcotic, for headaches and depressive states, in very high dosages as a
narcotic analgesic to combat sciatica, and also for cardiovascular disturbances
and even for diseases of the eye, bloated sensation and bacterial and
toxic-related intestinal diseases, as a diuretic drug, and as an anti-septic for
wound dressing. Hippocrates considered clean water to be extremely important and
recommended water-wine mixtures as well as barley water (ptisan) as a
diet.
Wine added to water improved the hygienic quality of the water;
this was particularly important for keeping the Roman legionnaires healthy on
their campaigns. The bacteria-killing effect of wine was discovered in more
recent times in the pathogens of typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, dysentery,
cholera and colibacteria.
The city of doctor of Strasbourg, Michael Herr
(Latin Hero) differentiates the wine according to types: good smell, course red,
yellow sharp wine, wine with a shade of vinegar. He also distinguished them
according to quality: full body (plump), aromatic, transparent. Hero named the
following as indications for the application of wine: inlammations of the eye,
unconsciousness, choleric state, hunger and poison (wine as an
antidote).
Hero was aware of the unwanted side-effects and they are
listed in detail with antidotes. His work became a guide for the medical
profession, had its place in many a wealthy household, and had an influence on
medical opinions for many years to come.
Friedrich Hoffmann (1660 -
1742), famous chemist and medical practitioner, first professor at the newly
established University of Halle and personal physician of the Prussian King
Friedrich I, devised a trend-setting system for drugs according to their
characteristics, composition and effect. Of his medicine the Hoffmann´s drops (1
part ether, 3 parts alcohol) have lived on to the present day. He published the
work "fundamental and physical examination stating that general water is the
best, and at the same time, a universal medicine".
He utilized the "sauer
springs" which he analysed chemically as a mineral water cure and for medicinal
baths. As Hoffmann had a greater experience with wine as a drug, he discovered,
along the same lines as the spring cure, the "wine cure", by which, however, he
by far exceeded the moderate dosage he himself had recommended. At the start
amid "extreme heat", the wine was mixed with mineral water. During the first
week he administered 1,5 litres of wine per day. In the second week he increased
the dosage up to the end of the cure to 6 litres, at the most 8 litres per day.
It was envisaged that during the course of the day the wine was supposed to be
administered in only slightly greater amounts than what was required by the
feeling of thirst, and should never be taken with a feeling of
disgust.
Hoffmann´s numerous therapy proposals are today only present in
the form of inspirations; however, the targeted and daily administration of wine
has kept its place in the treatment plan of the "Schroth cure".
The grape
cure, which was even known in ancient times and recommended by Hippocrates,
Herodotus, Plinius and later by Paracelsus, was rediscovered in Meran, but only
became fashionable in the German baths in the last century.
In today´s
health resorts every possible effort is undertaken to combine the useful with
the comfortable in order to achieve the maximum possible cure effect, ranging
from the medical care provided by doctors, the treatment, applications up to the
infrastructure. Wine also plays its part, which should be applied as a
therapeutic supplement in so far as alcohol is not inadvisable on the basis of
the patient´s clinical picture. The protective effects of wine in cases of
cardio-vascular diseases have been proved, it also has an additional calming and
positive effect on the gastr-intestinal tract and increases the patient´s
subjective well-being.
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